step4:
increment (decrement) loop counter (generally in the body of the loop)Fundamental of WHILE and FOR loop:
Control Flow in the WHILE Loop:
step1: initialization of loop counter i=1; //Outside of Loop
step2: condition for entering loop while (condition)
{ //body of the loop
................
step3: body of the loop ....................
i = i + 1; (step 4)
} //End of WHILE loop
step4:
increment (decrement) loop counter (generally in the body of the loop)
Illustrative
Example: Tutorial 3A:
Print first n consecutive integer numbers using WHILE loop.
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n,i;
printf("Enter value of n :\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
i=1; //Initialization while loop counter
while (i<n) //condition to enter the loop
{
printf("\n%d\n",i);
i=i+1; // Increment of loop counter
}
}
Assign. 3A:
Modify the program in Tutorial 3A to print first n numbers of the following sequence.
1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ....
Control Flow in the FOR Loop:
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement)
{
.................................
// Body of the loop
....................................
}
Illustrative Example: Tutorial 3B:
Print first n consecutive integer numbers using FOR loop
#include <stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n, i;
printf("Enter value of n :\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
for (i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
printf("\n%d\n",i);
}
}
Assign. 3B:
Modify the program in Tutorial 3B to print first n consecutive even numbers.
Tutorial Example:Tutorial 3C:
Convert a given binary number into equivalent decimal number and vice versa.
// Use "cc -lm <programname.c>" for compilation
// This part is for converting binary to decimal.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
void main()
{
long int bin_num;
int sum,pos;
printf("Enter a binary number (maximum 8 digits) :");
scanf("%ld",&bin_num);
sum=0;
pos=0;
while ((bin_num/10) > 0)
{
sum=sum+(bin_num%10)*pow(2,pos);
pos=pos+1;
bin_num=bin_num/10;
}
sum=sum+bin_num*pow(2,pos);
printf("The Decimal equivalent is = %d\n",sum);
}
// This part is for converting decimal to binary.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
void main()
{
int dec_num;
int pos;
long int sum;
printf("Enter a Decimal number (maximum 512) :");
scanf("%d",&dec_num);
sum=0;
pos=0;
while ((dec_num/2) > 0)
{
sum=sum+(dec_num%2)*(long int)pow(10,pos);
pos=pos+1;
dec_num=dec_num/2;
}
sum=sum+dec_num*(long int)pow(10,pos);
printf("The Binary equivalent is = %d\n",sum);
}
Assign. 3C:
Input a number (IP_num) and its base(IP_base). Input another base (OP_base) value. Convert the number to the second base.
For example: Input IP_num=184, IP_base=10, OP_base=8
Oput put will be = 270 (in base 8).
Hint: First converts the number (IP_num) from (IP_base) to the decimal (10) then convert into OP_base.
Test Run: I/P (s) O/P (s)
i) IP_num=184, IP_base=10, Op_base=8 : 270
ii)IP_num=1000, IP_base=2, Op_base=8 : 20
iii)IP_num=126, IP_base=6, Op_base=3 : 2000
iv)IP_num=12121, IP_base=3, Op_base=7 : 304
Tutorial Example: Tutorial 3D:
Print all the triod numbers between 100 and 1000.
Definition: Triod Number: A number is a triod number if sum of cubic of their digits are
equal to the number.
For example: 153 is a triod number if 13 + 53 + 33 = 153.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
void main()
{
int sum,i,num;
for (i=100;i<1000;i++)
{
sum=0;
num=i;
while ((num/10) > 0)
{
sum=sum+(int)pow((num%10),3);
num=num/10;
}
sum=sum+(int)pow(num,3);
if (sum==i)
printf("\n%d\n",i);
}
Sample Output:
153
370
371
407
Assign 3D:
Print the sum of digits of a given positive decimal number (ip_NUM).
For example: ip_NUM=5348, O/P would be (5+3+4+8) = 20.
Test Run: I/P (s) O/P (s)
i) 3456 18
ii) 6759 27
iii) 100 1
iv) 5 5